Public Interest 32 (summer 1973): 43-69, thought not directed specifically against Myrdal, challenged his thesis—that the race problem was a problem for whites alone to resolve—from a quite different point of view. Patterson argued that all types of "sociological determinism"—of which An American Dilemma, presumably, was a prime example—encouraged black people to exploit the "status of being a victim," to explain their plight away "as the result of white racism and all the other familiar social and economic determinants," and thus to prolong dependency and to discourage them from assuming responsibility for themselves.

E. D. Hirsch, Jr., refers to the "epoch-making" effect of Myrdal's book on his moral and intellectual development in Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know (1987).

The Studies in Prejudice sponsored by the American Jewish Committee included, in addition to The Authoritarian Personality (1950), Nathan W. Ackerman and Marie Jahoda, Anti-Semitism and Emotional Disorder (1950); Bruno Bettelheim and Morris Janowitz, Dynamics of Prejudice (1950); Paul W. Massing, Rehearsal for Destruction: A Study of Political Anti-Semitism in Imperial Germany (1949); and Leo Lowenthal and Norbert Guterman, Prophets of Deceit: A Study of the Techniques of the American Agitator (1949). Both the methodological crudity of these studies and the ideological presuppositions underlying them, evident enough to anyone who approaches them without too many preconceptions, appear even more clearly when they are set beside Max Horkheimer's Eclipse of Reason (1944) and The Dialectic of Enlightenment (1947)—works that criticize this very type of social science—or Hannah Arendt's brilliant analysis (cast in the historical rather than the psychologizing mode) of The Origins of Totalitarianism (1951). The Bergers' misdirected attack on The Authoritarian Personality can be found in Brigitte Berger and Peter L. Berger, The War over the Family: Capturing the Middle Ground (1983). Edward Shils's critique, "Authoritarianism: 'Right' and 'Left,' " appeared, along with several others, in Richard Christie and Marie Jahoda, eds., Studies in the Scope and Method of the Authoritarian Personality (1954). See also Richard Christie and Peggy Cook, "A Guide to the Published Literature on the Authoritarian Personality," Journal of Psychology 45 (1958): 171-99; John P. Kirscht and Ronald C. Dillehay, Dimensions of Authoritarianism: A Review of Research and Theory (1967); and David W. McKinney, Jr., The Authoritarian Personality Studies (1973). In addition to these collections, I have consulted innumerable reviews of The Authoritarian Personality; for the charge of psychological determinism, see, in particular, the ones by Tamotsu Shibutani, American Jnurnal of Sociology 57 (1952): 527-29, and Joseph H. Bunzel, American Sociological Review 15 (1950): 571-73.

To list all the works inspired either directly or indirectly by The Authoritarian Personality would be impossible. Probably the most striking example is The New American Right (1955), revised and reissued in 1965 as The Radical Right—an enormously influential volume in its own right. This collection contains Richard Hofstadter's essay "The Pseudo-Conservative Revolt." Other works in this tradition include Milton Rokeach, The Open and Closed Mind (1960); Gertrude J. Selznick and

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